Footnotes

Israel 101 booklet: 

Page 5: Zionism: Ties that Bind

1. Dore Gold, “Jerusalem in International Diplomacy: Demography,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, October 27, 2006, at http://www.jcpa.org/art/jid-intro.htm#reldim

2. Michael Grant, The Jews in the Roman World, 1973, p. 255;
   Elliott A Green, “What Did Rome Call the Land of Israel—And Where Were Its Borders?” in Midstream (New York), October 1995. Online at http://www.netanyahu.org/whatdidromca.html

3. R.P. Michael Naud, Voyage Nouveau de la Terre-Sainte, Paris, 1702, pp. 58, 563.

4. Mark Twain, “Concerning the Jews,” Harper’s Magazine, March 1898. Online at www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1898twain-jews.html

Page 6: Evolution of the Region

1. Michael Grant, The Jews in the Roman World, 1973, p. 255;
   Elliott A Green, “What Did Rome Call the Land of Israel—And Where Were Its Borders?” in Midstream (New York), October 1995. Online at http://www.netanyahu.org/whatdidromca.html

2. League of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine, during the period 1st July, 1920-30th June, 1921,” July 1921. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/349b02280a930813052565e90048ed1c!OpenDocument

Page 7: Israel Reborn

1. Balfour Declaration, November 17, 1917. Online at http://yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/balfour.htm

2. Treaty of Sevres, Section VII, Article 94, August 10, 1920. Online at http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/versa/sevres1.html

3. Council of the League of Nations, The Palestine Mandate, Article 6, July 24, 1922. Online at http://yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/palmanda.htm

Page 11: Restoring the Jewish Homeland

1. Dore Gold, “Jerusalem in International Diplomacy: Demography,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, October 27, 2006, at http://www.jcpa.org/art/jid-intro.htm#reldim

2. Quoted in David Landes, “Palestine Before the Zionists,” Commentary, May 1976, p. 22

3. League of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine, during the period 1st July, 1920-30th June, 1921,” July 1921. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/349b02280a930813052565e90048ed1c!OpenDocument

4. Arieh L. Avneri, The Claim of Dispossession, 4th ed., 2005, p. 12; Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949, 1989, pp. 17-18;“Demography of Palestine & Israel, the West Bank and Gaza,” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/demograhics.html; 

5. Sir John Hope-Simpson, “Palestine: Report on Immigration, Land Settlement and Development, 1930,” p. 51, Command Paper No. 3686, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1930. Online at http://www.mideastweb.org/hopesimpson.htm;

6. Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness, Columbia University Press, 1998 pp. 112-113.

7. The Peel Commission Report: Report of the Royal Commission, Chapter IX, July 1937. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/08e38a718201458b052565700072b358!OpenDocument

8. Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001, Vintage, 2001 p. 133. 

9. League of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine, during the period 1st July, 1920-30th June, 1921,” July 1921. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/349b02280a930813052565e90048ed1c!OpenDocument

10. “Demography of Palestine & Israel, the West Bank and Gaza,” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/demograhics.html

11. Churchill or British White Paper of June 1922, in Walter Laqueur and Barry Rubin (eds.), The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict, 4th ed., 1987, p. 45. Online at http://www.mideastweb.org/1922wp.htm

12. League of Nations, “An Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine, during the period 1st July, 1920-30th June, 1921”, July 1921. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/349b02280a930813052565e90048ed1c!OpenDocument

13. Jewish National Fund, “JNF Centennial Celebration,” at http://www.jnf.org/site/PageServer?pagename=history

14. Howard Sachar, A History of Israel, 2000, pp. 156, 167;
    Yehoshua Porath, Palestinian Arab National Movement: From Riots to Rebellion: 1929-1939, Vol. 2, 1977, pp 17-18, 39. 

15. Quoted in Daniel Pipes, Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition, Oxford University Press, 1990, p. 179.

16. Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism, 1989, p. 510.

17. Moshe Aumann, “Land Ownership in Palestine, 1880-1948,” in Michael Curtis et al, The Palestinians,1975, p. 29.

18. Naftali Greenwood, “Redeemers of the Land,” Oct 18, 1999, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Centenary+of+Zionism/The+Redeemers+of+the+Land.htm

19. The Economist, “Tel Aviv,” The Economist: Cities Guide. Online at http://www.economist.com/cities/displayobject.cfm?obj_id=5080851

Page 13: Arab-Israeli Wars and Terrorism: 1920-Present

1. Tom Segev, One Palestine Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate, 2000 p.327.

2. Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001, Vintage, 2001 p. 133;
   “The 1936 Riots,” Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/riots36.htm

3. Michael Oren, Six Days of War, 2002, p. 293.

4. Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group (PHRMG), “’Collaborators’: New Impetus for an Old Witch Hunt,” PHRMG Monitor, February 2002. Online at http://www.phrmg.org/monitor2002/feb2002-9.htm

Page 15: Aftermath of the Wars: Arab and Jewish Refugees

1. Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949, 1989, p. 286
   Also see David Meir-Levi, “The Origins of the Refugee Problem,” Jewish World, 2005. Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1501222/posts

2. Anita Shapira, “The Past Is Not a Foreign Country: The Failure of Israel’s ‘New Historians’ To Explain War and Peace,” The New Republic, November 29, 1999. Online at http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/courses01/rrtw/Shapira.htm

3. Gerald M. Steinberg, “Jerusalem – 1948, 1967, 2000: Setting the Record Straight,” Canadian Jewish News, August 24, 2000. Online at http://faculty.biu.ac.il/~steing/conflict/oped/jerufact.htm

4. John F. Burns, “In the Islamic Mideast, Scant Place for Jews,” Week in Review, New York Times, July 25, 1999. Online at http://www.library.cornell.edu/colldev/mideast/isljew.htm

5. Howard Sachar, A History of Israel, 2000, pp. 395-405.

6. Statistics derived from Mitchell Bard, Myths and Facts: A Guide to the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 2001, pp. 192-198. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/anti-semitism/arabjewtoc.html

7. Members of the First Knesset at http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mkindexByKnesset_eng.asp?knesset=1

8. Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001, Vintage, 2001 pp. 252-258;
   Yoav Gelber, Palestine 1948: War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 2001, pp. 74-84. 

9. Howard Sachar, A History of Israel, 2000, p.333; Quoted in "Israel and the Arabs: The 50 Year Conflict," BBC documentary, cited in Eric Silver, Jerusalem Report, April 2, 1998. Also cited and discussed by CAMERA, “Pattern of Bias,” July 1999, online at http://world.std.com/~camera/docs/report/nprpattern.html

10. Mahmoud Abbas, “What We Have Learned and What We Should Do,” Falastin a-Thaura, March 1976.
    Falastin a-Thaura was the official journal of the PLO, printed in Beirut. A larger quote reads: "The Arab armies entered Palestine to protect the Palestinians from the Zionist tyranny but, instead, they abandoned them, forced them to emigrate and to leave their homeland, imposed upon them a political and ideological blockade and threw them into prisons similar to the ghettos in which the Jews used to live in Eastern Europe, as if we were condemned to change places with them; they moved out of their ghettos and we occupied similar ones. The Arab States succeeded in scattering the Palestinian people and in destroying their unity. They did not recognize them as a unified people until the States of the world did so, and this is regrettable."
    Cited in “Palestine’s Pawns,” Wall Street Journal, June 5, 2003. Log in to read it at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB105476554941947700.html
    Read a summary of the article at http://www.dailyalert.org/archive/2003-06/2003-06-05.html

11. Quoted in Nimr el-Hawari, Sir An-Nakbah, Nazareth, 1952.

12. Haled al Azm, The Memoirs of Haled al Azm, Beirut, 1973, Part I, pp. 386-387

13. Quoted in "Israel and the Arabs: The 50 Year Conflict," BBC documentary, cited in Eric Silver, Jerusalem Report, April 2, 1998. Also cited and discussed by CAMERA, “Pattern of Bias,” July 1999. Online at http://world.std.com/~camera/docs/report/nprpattern.html

14. Quoted in Terence Prittie, "Middle East Refugees," in Michael Curtis, et al., The Palestinians: People, History, Politics, Transaction, 1975 p. 71.

15. AP interview with King Hussein of Jordan, January 1960. Quoted in Alan Dershowitz, The Case for Israel, John Wiley & Sons, 2003 pp. 87-88.

16. Quoted in Paul Garwood and Maggie Michael “Palestinian refugees: championed by Arab world yet treated like outcasts,” Associated Press, December 30, 2003.
    Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1051472/posts

17. In an interview on a German television service, reproduced in the Swiss newspaper Zibicher Woche, September 1, 1961. Quoted in the Statement to the Special Political Committee of the United Nations General Assembly by Foreign Minister Meir, December 15, 1961. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign+Relations/Israels+Foreign+Relations+since+1947/1947-1974/14+Statement+to+the+Special+Political+Committee+of.htm

18. Quoted in the Jordanian newspaper Al-Dustur, August 16, 1999; Cited by MEMRI, Special Report no. 5, “Palestinian Thoughts on the Right of Return,” March 30, 2001. Online at http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sr&ID=SR00501

19. Self-description of UNRWA, at http://www.un.org/unrwa/overview/index.html

20. UN/UNRWA statistics, “Total registered refugees per county and area – As at 31 March 2005.” Online at http://www.un.org/unrwa/publications/pdf/rr_countryandarea.pdf

Page 17: The Aftermath of the 1967 War

1. Article 24 of original Palestinian National Charter, 1964. Online at http://www.palestine-un.org/plo/pna_two.html

2. The amended Palestinian National Charter passed by the 4th Palestinian National Council in 1968. Online at http://www.palestine-un.org/plo/pna_three.html

3. Khartoum Resolutions, September 1967. Online at http://www.mideastweb.org/khartoum.htm

4. Letters between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, and US President Jimmy Carter, attached to the Treaty of Peace between the State of Israel and the Arab Republic of Egypt, March 26, 1979. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/peace%20process/guide%20to%20the%20peace%20process/israel-egypt%20peace%20treaty%20-%20letters

5. Howard Sachar, History of Israel, 2000, p. 678, 707.

6. Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.
   “Demography of Palestine & Israel, the West Bank and Gaza,” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/demograhics.html; 
   Bennett Zimmerman et al, “The Million Person Gap: The Arab Population in the West Bank and Gaza,” Begin-Sadat Center, February 2006, p. 12. Online at http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/MSPS65.pdf.

7. Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.

8. Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.

9. Howard Sachar, History of Israel, 2000, p. 688.

10. Howard Sachar, History of Israel, 2000, p. 687.

11. Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.

12. Howard Sachar, History of Israel, 2000, p. 687.

13. Efraim Karsh, “What Occupation?” Commentary, July 2002. Online at. http://www.commentarymagazine.com/Archive/DigitalArchive.aspx?SearchId=db67103843c2483b8871fe988c8a4f30. Read it without logging in at http://palestinefacts.org/what_occupation.html.

14. Freedom House, “Freedom in the World: Palestinian Authority-Administered Territories [Israel] (2002)” Online at http://www.freedomhouse.org/inc/content/pubs/fiw/inc_country_detail.cfm?country=2559&pf

15. The Palestine Mandate, 1922, online at http://yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/mideast/palmanda.htm

16. Anita Shapira, “The Past Is Not a Foreign Country: The Failure of Israel’s ‘New Historians’ To Explain War and Peace,” The New Republic, November 29, 1999. Online at http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/courses01/rrtw/Shapira.htm

17. Jeffrey Helmreich, “Diplomatic and Legal Aspects of the Settlement Issue,” Jerusalem Issue Brief, January 19, 2003. Online at www.jcpa.org/brief/brief2-16.htm

18. Eugene W. Rostow, "Bricks and Stones: Settling for Leverage; Palestinian Autonomy," The New Republic, April 23, 1990. Online at www.tzemachdovid.org/facts/islegal2.shtml

Page 19: The Evolution of U.S.-Israel Relations

1. All President quotes in “U.S. Presidents on Israel,” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/presquote.html

2. Mitchell Bard, “U.S. Aid to Israel,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/foreign_aid.html

3. Mitchell Bard, “The United Nations and Israel,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/UN/israel_un.html
   Mohammed Daraghmeh, “Palestinian Aid Groups Refuse U.S. Money,” The Associated Press, January 5, 2004. Online at http://nucnews.net/nucnews/2004nn/0401nn/040105nn.htm#720 and http://palestinechronicle.com/story.php?sid=20040107135522110: 

4. “Operation ‘Rooster’” on Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Rooster.html and http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hangar/2848/operate3.htm

5. Tamar Sternthal, “WSJ Columnist Overstates U.S. Aid to Israel by Almost $1 Trillion,” CAMERA, December 12, 2003. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_article=596&x_context=2.

6. Mitchell Bard, “U.S. Aid to Israel,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/foreign_aid.html

7. Mitchell Bard, “U.S.-Israel Relations: A Special Alliance,” Jewish Virtual Library, Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/special.html

8. “Counterterrorism Cooperation Accord Between the Government of the State of Israel and the Government of the United States of America,” April 30, 1996. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/Terror_coop_MOU.html
   and “Counterterrorism Group Formed,” October 1999. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/countergrp.html

Page 20: Israel’s Search for Peace with its Neighbors

1. Letter from Emir Feisal to Felix Frankfurter, sent by Delegation Hedjazienne, Paris, March 3, 1919. Reprinted in The Israel-Arab Reader, 1969, p. 21
   Quoted by Israel's UN Ambassador Yosef Tekoah in a speech before the UN General Assembly, November 22, 1974. Online at http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959/7219f7fe733b856485256236005a4700!OpenDocument
   Emir Feisal (also known as Faisal bin Husayn) (1883-1933) was the Arab representative at the Paris Peace Conference, and later the king of Iraq. American Felix Frankfurter (1882-1965) was a Zionist delegate at the Paris Peace Conference and was later nominated as a U.S. Supreme Court Justice by President Franklin Roosevelt.

2. Quoted in Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel, 2000, p. 453.

3. Khartoum Resolutions, September 1967, online at http://www.mideastweb.org/khartoum.htm

Page 23: The Oslo Accords, The Road Map, The Gaza Disengagement: 1993-2006

1. “Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangement,” September 13, 1993. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/dop.html

2. Yasser Arafat, in the speech "The Impending Total Collapse of Israel", the Grand Hotel, Stockholm, Sweden January 30, 1996.
   Quoted in “Arafat in Stockholm,” Arutz-7, February 27, 1996, online at http://www.professors.org.il/docs/stock.htm. 
   Also quoted, with background on the speech and its coverage in the press, in Yedidya Atlas, “Arafat's Secret Agenda Is to Wear Israelis Out,” Insight, April 1, 1996. Online at http://www.iris.org.il/quotes/stockhlm.htm
   A larger quote reads: "We Palestinians will take over everything, including all of Jerusalem.... Peres and Beilin have already promised us half of Jerusalem. The Golan Heights have already been given away, subject to just a few details….All the rich Jews who will get compensation will travel to America....We of the PLO will now concentrate all our efforts on splitting Israel psychologically into two camps. Within five years we will have six to seven million Arabs living in the West Bank and in Jerusalem. All Palestinian Arabs will be welcomed by us. If the Jews can import all kinds of Ethiopians, Russians, Uzbeks and Ukranians as Jews, we can import all kinds of Arabs to us...You understand that we plan to eliminate the State of Israel and establish a purely Palestinian State. We will make life unbearable for Jews by psychological warfare and population explosion. Jews will not want to live among Arabs. I have no use for Jews; they are and remain Jews. We now need all the help we can get from you in our battle for a united Palestine under total Arab-Muslim domination!" 

3. Interview with Dennis Ross on Fox News Sunday, April 21, 2002. Transcript online at http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,50830,00.html

4. Lamia Lahoud, “PA minister: Intifada planned since July,” Jerusalem Post, March 4, 2001. Buy the article at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/69228568.html?dids=69228568:69228568&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+4%2C+2001&author=LAMIA+LAHOUD%2C+News+agencies+contributed+to+this+report&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=02&desc=PA+minister%3A+Intifada+planned+since+July

5. Statistics compiled from “Fatalities in Palestinian Terror Attacks (1967-2005),” Jewish Virtual Library, online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/osloterr.html

Page 27: Intifada

Background information on terrorist groups can be found at:

• “Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center” at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/engsite/home/default.asp

• U.S. State Department, “Country Reports on Terrorism,” Chapter 6, 2004 at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/45323.pdf

• Israel’s yearly Terrorism reports. A listing of those reports is available at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Palestinian+violence+and+terrorism+since+September.htm

• Institute for Counter-Terrorism at www.ict.org.il

1. Lamia Lahoud, “PA minister: Intifada planned since July,” Jerusalem Post, March 4, 2001. Buy the article at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/69228568.html?dids=69228568:69228568&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+4%2C+2001&author=LAMIA+LAHOUD%2C+News+agencies+contributed+to+this+report&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=02&desc=PA+minister%3A+Intifada+planned+since+July

2. Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Palestinian Terrorism in 2005,” December 31, 2005. Online at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/palestinian_terror_e.pdf

3. Jonathan D. Halevi, “Abbas Approves PA Assistance to Families of Suicide Bombers,” News First Class, December 5, 2005. The article can be found online in Hebrew at http://www.nfc.co.il/archive/001-D-87514-00.html?tag=13-31-45, and a summary of it in English at http://www.dailyalert.org/archive/2005-12/2005-12-05.html

4. Terrorist Group Profile for Hizballah, Country Reports on Terrorism, 2004. United States Department of State, April 2005. Online at http://library.nps.navy.mil/home/tgp/hizbalah.htm;
   Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Special Information Bulletin,” April 4, 2005, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia//english/counterterrorism-data/pdf/apr13_05.pdf

5. “Hamas” at Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hamas.html
   Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Suicide Bombing terrorism during the current Israeli-Palestinian confrontation (September 2000-December 2005),” January 1, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/suicide_terrorism_ae.pdf
   “2005 Terrorism Review,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2, 2006, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/2005+Terrorism+Review.htm

6. Itamar Marcus and Barbara Crook, "Hamas Video: We will drink the blood of the Jews," Palestinian Media Watch Bulletin, February 14, 2006, at http://www.pmw.org.il/Latest%20bulletins%20new.htm#b140206
   Cited in Orly Halpern, “Hamas working on ‘new charter’”, Jerusalem Post, February 16, 2006. Online at http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1139395429041&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter

7. Quoted in the Lebanese Al-Safir, March 21 2001. Cited online at http://www.middleeastfacts.com/quotes-from-palestinian-leaders-and-media.php

8. “PLO” at Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/plo.html
   CAMERA, “Yasir Arafat’s Timeline of Terror,” CAMERA, November 13 2004. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=7&x_issue=11&x_article=795 
   Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin, Yasir Arafat: A Political Biography, 2003.

9. “Fatah's Political Program” at Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/fatah_program.html
   “Fatah Tanzim,” Institute for Counter-Terrorism at http://www.ict.org.il/organizations/orgdet.cfm?orgid=82
   Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Suicide Bombing terrorism during the current Israeli-Palestinian confrontation (September 2000-December 2005),” January 1, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/suicide_terrorism_ae.pdf
   “2005 Terrorism Review,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2, 2006, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/2005+Terrorism+Review.htm

10. “Palestinian Islamic Jihad” at Jewish Virtual Library, at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/PIJ.html
    Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Special Information Bulletin,” February 28, 2005, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia//english/authority-jihad/pdf/mar3_05.pdf
    Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Suicide Bombing terrorism during the current Israeli-Palestinian confrontation (September 2000-December 2005),” January 1, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/suicide_terrorism_ae.pdf
    “2005 Terrorism Review,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2, 2006, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/2005+Terrorism+Review.htm

11. “Hizballah” at Institute for Counter-Terrorism at http://www.ict.org.il/organizations/orgdet.cfm?orgid=15
    Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, “Background Information about Hezbollah…” July 13, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hezbollah_e0706.htm
    “Background Information on Foreign Terrorist Organizations,” U.S. Department of State, at http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rpt/fto/2801.htm
    Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Terrorism from Lebanon-Hezbollah,” January 29, 2004. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Terrorism%20from%20Lebanon-%20Hizbullah

12. Mahmoud Muhammad Khadhr, “In Defense of Hitler,” Al-Akhbar, May 27, 2001. Quoted in and translated by MEMRI, Special Dispatch Series No. 231, “The Egyptian Government Paper Al-Akhbar Once Again Defends Hitler,” June 20, 2001. Online at http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Area=sd&ID=SP23101

13. “Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine,” Jewish Virtual Library at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/pflp.html
    “PFLP,” Institute for Counter-Terrorism at http://www.ict.org.il/organizations/orgdet.cfm?orgid=31
    Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Suicide Bombing terrorism during the current Israeli-Palestinian confrontation (September 2000-December 2005),” January 1, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/suicide_terrorism_ae.pdf
    “2005 Terrorism Review,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 2, 2006, at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/2005+Terrorism+Review.htm

Page 31: The Hezbollah War: July 12, 2006-August 14, 2006

1. UN press release SC 68/78, “Security Council endorses Secretary General’s conclusion on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon as of 16 June,” June 18, 2000. Online at http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20000618.sc6878.doc.html

2. Quoted in Megan K. Stack and Rania Abouzeid, “The Nation of Hezbollah,” Los Angeles Times, July 13, 2006. Buy the article online at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/1076044041.html?dids=1076044041:1076044041&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+13%2C+2006&author=Megan+K.+Stack+and+Rania+Abouzeid&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=The+Nation+of+Hezbollah
   Read a version of it for free at http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2003123599_lebanon13.html

3. Quoted in “Official Source Makes Statement,” Saudi Press Agency, July 14, 2006. Online at http://www.spa.gov.sa/English/details.php?id=375383

4. Interview in Lebanon’s Al-Nahar, August 22, 2006. Translated by MEMRI, Special Dispatch Series No. 1266, “Intra-Shi’ite Criticism,” August 25, 2006, Online at http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP126606

5. “Hizbollah Terrorist Incidents since May 2000,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/hizattacks1.html

6. Interview on Egyptian television, June 2, 2000.
   Quoted in Deborah Passner, “Hassan Nasrallah: In His Own Words,” CAMERA, July 26, 2006. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=7&x_issue=11&x_article=1158
   Cited in Eyal Zisser, “The Return of Hizbullah,” Middle East Quarterly, Fall 2002. Online at http://www.meforum.org/article/499#_ftn26

7. Quoted in Badih Chayban “Nasrallah alleges ‘Christian Zionist’ plot,” Daily Star, October 23, 2002. Buy the article at http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_ID=1&article_ID=38204&categ_id=2. Read it for free at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/774649/posts

8. Quoted in “Ahmadinejad: Wipe Israel off map,” Aljazeera, October 26, 2005. Online at http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/15E6BF77-6F91-46EE-A4B5-A3CE0E9957EA.htm

9. Frida Ghitis, “Iran's threat of doomsday feels more palpable,” Miami Herald, September, 29 2006. Online at http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/opinion/15632598.htm

10. Quoted in Michael Slackman, “Voices of Peace Muffled by Rising Mideast Strife,” New York Times, July 14 2006. Online at http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/07/14/world/middleeast/14assess.html

11. Quoted in Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah general secretary, publicly admits his organization provides funds for Palestinian terrorist organizations,” May 9, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/hezbollah_090506e.pdf

12. Quoted in Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the Center for Special Studies, “Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah general secretary, publicly admits his organization provides funds for Palestinian terrorist organizations,” May 9, 2006, at http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/hezbollah_090506e.pdf

13. Steven Erlanger and Richard A Oppel Jr, “A Disciplined Hezbollah Surprises Israel With Its Training, Tactics and Weapons,” New York Times, August 7, 2006. Online at http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/08/07/world/middleeast/07hezbollah.html

14. Steven Erlanger and Richard A Oppel Jr, “A Disciplined Hezbollah Surprises Israel With Its Training, Tactics and Weapons,” New York Times, August 7 2006. Online at http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/08/07/world/middleeast/07hezbollah.html

15. Ali Nouri Zadeh, “Iran Provider of Hezbollah's Weaponry- Source,” in the pan-Arab daily Asharq Al-Awsat, July 16, 2006. Online at http://www.asharqalawsat.com/english/news.asp?section=1&id=5651
    Cited in “Behind the Headlines: Israel's counter terrorist campaign,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August 15, 2006. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/About+the+Ministry/Behind+the+Headlines/Israels+counter+terrorist+campaign+-+FAQ+18-Jul-2006.htm

16. Yossi Klein Halevi, “Israel’s Broken Heart,” The New Republic, August, 15 2006. Online at http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w060814&s=halevi081506

17. Michael Béhé, “The Abdication of Lebanese Leaders,” The New Republic, August 7, 2006. Online at http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w060807&s=behe080706

18. Data from Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Hizbullah Attacks Northern Israel and Israel’s Response.” Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Hizbullah+attack+in+northern+Israel+and+Israels+response+12-Jul-2006.htm
    Sever Plotzker, “Who Will Pay the Price of War?” Yediot Ahronot, July 21, 2006. Online at http://www.theisraelproject.org/site/c.hsJPK0PIJpH/b.2007947/k.53C3/HezbollahIsraeli_Conflict_Press_Kit.htm#1
    “Israel’s War with Hezbollah: Facts and Figures,” Embassy of Israel Backgrounder, August 15, 2006.

19. Human Rights Watch, “Lebanon/Israel: Hezbollah Hit Israel with Cluster Munitions during Conflict,” Human Rights News, October 19, 2006. Online at http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2006/10/18/lebano14412.htm

20. Map in Rich Lowry, “The Corner: Beirut Largely Unscathed as Israel Targets Hizbollah Strongholds,” National Review, July 28, 2006. Online at http://corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=MzcxYWVhOGMyZWI4MWUxZDhhNTkzMWU3MWNmZjk2NmI

21. Quoted in Chris Link, “Photos that damn Hezbollah,” Herald Sun, July 30, 2006. Online at http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,,19955774-5007220,00.html
    Also quoted in “UN humanitarian chief blasts Hizbullah,” AP, July 25 2006. Online at http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&cid=1153291989232

22. Dr. Mounir Herzallah, letter to the editor, in the Berlin daily Der Tagesspiegel, July 30, 2006. Online at http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/archiv/30.07.2006/2660279.asp.
    Translated from the German by David Ouellette at http://judeoscope.ca/article.php3?id_article=0429

23. Dr. Mounir Herzallah, letter to the editor, in the Berlin daily Der Tagesspiegel, July 30, 2006. Online at http://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/archiv/30.07.2006/2660279.asp.
    Translated from the German by David Ouellette at http://judeoscope.ca/article.php3?id_article=0429

24. Sonia Verma, “Hezbollah's deadly hold on heartland,” Canadian National Post, August 05, 2006. Online at http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=ae679beb-d2be-40a4-8e74-8e581c1bf1ca&k=16670&p=1

25. Jon Lee Anderson, “Letter from Beirut: The Battle for Lebanon,” The New Yorker, August 7, 2006. Online at http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060807fa_fact

26. Benny Avni, “Annan's Claims on Casualties May Unravel,” New York Sun, July 27, 2006. Online at www.nysun.com/article/36860

27. Quoted in Thanassis Cambanis, "Hezbollah's rise fuels rifts inside Lebanon," Boston Globe, August 28, 2006. Online at www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/08/28/hezbollahs_rise_fuels_rifts_inside_lebanon/

28. Michael Young, “The Lebanese really blame Hezbollah,” The Spectator, July 22, 2006. Online at http://www.spectator.co.uk/printer-friendly/23873/the-lebanese-really-blame-hezbollah.thtml

29. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, August 12, 1949. Hosted by UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, at http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/92.htm

30. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions, June 8, 1977. Hosted by UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, at http://193.194.138.190/html/menu3/b/93.htm

31. Data from Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Hizbullah Attacks Northern Israel and Israel’s Response.” Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Hizbullah+attack+in+northern+Israel+and+Israels+response+12-Jul-2006.htm
    Sever Plotzker, “Who Will Pay the Price of War?” Yediot Ahronot, July 21, 2006. Online at http://www.theisraelproject.org/site/c.hsJPK0PIJpH/b.2007947/k.53C3/HezbollahIsraeli_Conflict_Press_Kit.htm#1
    “Israel’s War with Hezbollah: Facts and Figures,” Embassy of Israel Backgrounder, August 15, 2006.

32. Shlomo Avneri, "Lebanon's problem is not just Shaba Farms," Jerusalem Post, July 30, 2006. Online at http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1153292036524&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull

33. UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Security Council resolutions 425 (1978) and 426 (1978), May 22, 2000. Online at http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.nsf/b86613e7d92097880525672e007227a7/97bad2289146f58a852568e9006d99bd!OpenDocument
    For more information, see the briefing by Minister of Foreign Affairs Tzipi Livni following Israel's acceptance of UN Security Council Resolution 1701, August 13, 2006, online at: www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2006/Briefing+by+FM+Livni+following+Israel+acceptance+of+UNSC+Resolution+1701+13-Aug-2006.htm

34. Tamar Sternthal, “Question to Time Magazine: Who Are Hezbollah's Intended Targets?” CAMERA, August 14, 2006. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=37&x_article=1186

35. Ricki Hollander, “Updated: A Reprise: Media Photo Manipulation,” CAMERA, August 9, 2006. Online at http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=2&x_article=1175

Page 35: Self-Defense Measures

1. B’Tselem, “Statistics on checkpoints and roadblocks,” September 25, 2006. Online at www.btselem.org/english/Freedom_of_Movement/Checkpoints.asp

2. Efraim Karsh, “European Misreading of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,” Jerusalem Issue Brief, July 12, 2005. Online at http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief004-27.htm

3. Don Morris, “Understanding Israeli Checkpoints,” January 23, 2005. Online at http://www.spme.net/cgi-bin/articles.cgi?ID=191

4. B’Tselem, “Statistics on checkpoints and roadblocks,” September 25, 2006. Online at www.btselem.org/english/Freedom_of_Movement/Checkpoints.asp

5. David Makovsky and Anna Hartman, "Israel’s Newly Approved Security Fence Route: Geography and Demography," The Washington Institute, March 3, 2005. Online at http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2268

6. Summary of High Court of Justice Ruling on the Fence Surrounding Alfei Menashe, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 15, 2005. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Law/Legal+Issues+and+Rulings/High+Court+rules+on+security+fence+around+Alfei+Menashe+15-Sep-2005.htm

7. “Martin Sieff, “Documenting the Myth—Jenin—Part I,” UPI, May 20, 2002. Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/687909/posts
   “Why Europeans Bought the Myth—Jenin—Part II,” UPI, May 21, 2002. Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/687910/posts
   “How Europe’s Media Lost Out—Jenin—Part III,” UPI May 22, 2002. Online at http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/687911/posts

8. Henry Chu, “Hamas Leaders Keep Low Profile,” Los Angeles Times, October 9, 2003. Buy the article at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/420974381.html?dids=420974381:420974381&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+9%2C+2003&author=Henry+Chu&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.8&desc=The+World
   Brett Stephens, “The Fear Factor,” Wall Street Journal, March 23, 2004. Online at http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110004855

9. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Weapon Smuggling Tunnels in Rafah—Operation Rainbow,” May 14, 2004. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terror+Groups/Weapon+Smuggling+Tunnels+in+Rafah+May+2004.htm. Israel Defense Forces (IDF), “Decision of Defense Minister and Chief of Staff to Change Policy of Demolition of Terrorists’ Houses,” IDF Website News, February 17, 2005. Online at http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?clr=1&sl=EN&id=7&docid=37885

10. Senator Joseph Biden (D-Delaware), “Floor Statement: The Jenin Investigation,” May 1, 2002. Online at http://biden.senate.gov/newsroom/details.cfm?id=182558&&

11. Michael Walzer, “The Four Wars of Israel/Palestine,” Dissent, Fall 2002. Online at http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=557

12. Quoted in “Palestinian fighter describes 'hard fight' in Jenin," CNN, April 23, 2002. Online at http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/04/22/jenin.fighter/index.html
    A transcript of the interview can be found at http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0204/23/lt.13.html

13. Boaz Ganor, “Israel Counter-Terrorist Activity,” Institute for Counter-Terrorism. Online at http://www.ict.org.il/counter_ter/Is_ct.htm

14. Israeli Ministry of Police, “Effective National and International Action against Terrorism: The Israeli Experience: The Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders in Israel,” 1995 Report, April 19 1995. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Archive/Communiques/1995/effective+national+and+international+action+agains.htm
    Also cited in Dave Kopel, "Follow the Leader: Israel and Thailand Set an Example by Arming Teachers," National Review, September 2, 2004. Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/kopel/kopel200409022215.asp
    Eli E. Hertz, "Who is Humiliating Whom?" Middle East Facts, July 13, 2004. Online at http://www.mefacts.com/content/Who%20is%20Humiliating%20Whom-web-07-13-04.htm

15. Terrorism data from 2002 to 2005 compiled from Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “2003 Terrorism Review,” at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2004/1/2003+Terrorism+Review.htm
    “Four Years of Conflict: Israel's war against terrorism,” October 3, 2004. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+and+Islamic+Fundamentalism-/Four+Years+of+Conflict+3-Oct-2004.htm
    “Summary of Terrorist Activity 2004.” Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/927D5873-E41C-4C99-BBF0-5A53DF237FCF/0/terrorsummary2004.pdf
    IDF statistics, at http://www1.idf.il/SIP_STORAGE/DOVER/files/6/31646.doc

16. Uzi Mahnaimi, “Israel foils plot to kill Palestinian president,” The Sunday Times, May 07, 2006. Online at http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2168494,00.html

Page 37: Small Country Big Ideas

1. Information compiled from:
   Steve Bunstein, “Fascinating Facts about Israel,” Auerbach Central Agency for Jewish Education, 2006. Online at www.acaje.org/assets/pdf/Israel/IsrFact.doc
   Invest in Israel website, at http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/6D7AC27B-BE48-4C16-A6CB-1BA2F58480BB.htm
   Israel21c website, at http://www.israel21c.org/

2. Lord Alfred Balfour, “Defense of the Palestine Mandate,” 1922. Reprinted in Brian McArthur, Penguin Book of Twentieth Century Speeches, Penguin, 1992, pp. 88-90. Online at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1922balfour.html

3. “Israel Foreign Relations: Israel among the Nations,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign+Relations/Israel+Among+the+Nations/Israel%20Among%20the%20Nations

4. “Rescue Operation in Turkey,” IDF. Online at http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=5&from=history&docid=23045&Pos=29&bScope=false 
   “IDF Involvement in Major Humanitarian Operations” IDF. Online at http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=5&from=history&docid=23046&Pos=26&bScope=false 
   IsraAID: The Israel Forum for International Humanitarian Aid, “Magen David Adom During the Years,” at IsraAID website. On line at http://www.israaid.org.il/story_page.asp?id=808 
   For more on Israel’s humanitarian programs, see IsraAID at http://www.israaid.org.il/

Page 40: Israel’s Government: Democracy in Action

1. "The State: The Political Structure," Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Facts+about+Israel-+The+State/THE%20STATE-%20Political%20Structure

2. Mitchell Bard, “Myth: Israel is persecuting Christians,” Jewish Virtual Library. Online at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mf24.html#a31
   “130,000 Christians in Israel,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, March 20, 2000. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Communiques/2000/130-000%20Christians%20in%20Israel%20-%2020-Mar-2000

3. Loolwa Khazoom, "Jews of the Middle East," MyJewishLearning.com, at http://www.myjewishlearning.com/history_community/Jewish_World_Today/JewishDiasporaTO/MizrachiJews.htm

4. “Minority Communities,” Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/facts%20about%20israel/people/SOCIETY-%20Minority%20Communities

5. Heideman Lezell Nudelman & Kalik, P.C., “Background Briefing and Analysis of the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Israel's Terrorism Prevention Security Fence,” July 23, 2004. Online at http://heidemanlaw.com/Backgroundbriefing.pdf
   Also see Summary of High Court of Justice Ruling on the Fence Surrounding Alfei Menashe, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 15, 2005. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Law/Legal+Issues+and+Rulings/High+Court+rules+on+security+fence+around+Alfei+Menashe+15-Sep-2005.htm

6. Greg Myre, “Trial of Palestinian Leader Focuses Attention on Israeli Courts, New York Times, May 5, 2003. Buy the article at http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70814FB38580C768CDDAC0894DB404482&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fB%2fBarghouti%2c%20Marwan

7. Information from Knesset website, at www.knesset.gov.il

8. “Israel and Apartheid: The Big Lie,” Anti-Defamation League, August 29, 2005. Online at http://www.adl.org/Israel/apartheid/behind_the_line.asp

9. Translated by and quoted in MEMRI, Special Dispatch Series No. 34, “Palestinians Comment on Israeli Democracy,”June 4 1999.

10. “The Peace Process, Public Perception of PNA Performance, Corruption, Status of Palestinian Democracy and Elections for the PNA President and Political Affiliation,” Public Opinion Poll #38, CPRS Polls, January 7-9, 1999. Poll available at www.pcpsr.org/survey/cprspolls/99/poll38a.html
    Quote taken from James Bennet, “Letter from the Middle East: Arab Showplace? Could It Be the West Bank?” New York Times, April 2, 2003. Bennet’s article can be found at http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/02/international/middleeast/02LETT.html?ex=1161748800&en=c8f0bcf2ff8c5388&ei=5070 
    and reposted at http://www.israelforum.com/board/showthread.php?t=2747 where it can be read for free.

Page 42: Hot Topics: Things You Should Know 

For more information on life in Israel and the Territories, see "Israel and the occupied territories: Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005," Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, March 8, 2006. Online at http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61690.htm

War Crime: Using Human Shields

• For more information, as well as videos and photographs, see "Hizbullah's exploitation of Lebanese population centers and civilians: Photographic evidence," Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July 12, 2006, at www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2006/Operation+Change+of+Direction+Video+Clips.htm

1. Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, August 12, 1949. Online at http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/92.htm

2. Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions, June 8, 1977. Online at http://193.194.138.190/html/menu3/b/93.htm

43: Topics: Things You Should Know

International Financial Support for the Palestinians

1. Ross Dunn, "End sleaze or lose aid, Arafat told," Scotsman, February 29, 2004. Online at http://news.scotsman.com/international.cfm?id=238542004

2. Daily Telegraph, December 6, 1999, cited in
   Rachel Ehrenfeld, “Intifada Gives Cover to Arafat Graft and Fraud,” Insight Magazine, June 22, 2001. Online at http://www.public-integrity.org/articles/publications7.htm

• For more articles on corruption in the PLO, as well as Arafat’s corruption:
  Alan Philps, “Shoot me if I betrayed Palestine, says Arafat,” Daily Telegraph, December 7, 1999, at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1999/12/07/wara07.html
  Rachel Ehrenfeld in "The Extent of Arafat's Corruption," The Jerusalem Post, June 27, 2001.
  Rachel Ehrenfeld, “And a Thief, Too: Yasser Arafat takes what he likes,” National Review, July 29, 2002, at http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_14_54/ai_88990523%20And%20a%20Thief,%20Too:%20Yasser%20Arafat
  'That money belongs to the Palestinians, not to him,' Daily Telegraph, November 14, 2004, at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/11/14/waraf114.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/11/14/ixnewstop.html

Israel’s Checkpoints and the Security Fence

1. David Makovsky and Anna Hartman, "Israel’s Newly Approved Security Fence Route: Geography and Demography," The Washington Institute, March 3, 2005. Online at http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2268

2. Summary of High Court of Justice Ruling on the Fence Surrounding Alfei Menashe, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, September 15, 2005. Online at http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Law/Legal+Issues+and+Rulings/High+Court+rules+on+security+fence+around+Alfei+Menashe+15-Sep-2005.htm

Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism

1. “Findings and Recommendations of the United States Commission on Civil Rights Regarding Campus Anti-Semitism," U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, April 3, 2006. Online at http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/050306FRUSCCRRCAS.pdf

Nazi Roots booklet: 

​

1. Based on the Working Definition of Anti-Semitism by the European Monitoring Center on Racism and Xenophobia, the writings of the late Prof. Robert S. Wistrich, preeminent scholar on the history of anti-Semitism and the U.S. State Department’s Definition of anti-Semitism.

2. Anti-Defamation League, “ADL Global 100: An Index of Anti-Semitism,” 2015, at http://global100.adl.org/

3. See Herf, Jeffrey, “Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World,” Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2009.

4. Joel Fishman, “The Big Lie and the Media War against Israel,” Jewish Political Studies Review, Spring 2007, at http://jcpa.org/article/the-big-lie-and-the-media-war-against-israel-from-inversion-of-the-truth-to-inversion-of-reality/     

5. www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/mkv1ch06.html

6. https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/weltparasit.htm

7. https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ds11.htm

8. Robert S. Wistrich, A Lethal Obsession, 2010, p. 769.

9. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2014/11/irans-khamenei-israel-must-be-annihilated.htm

10. https://www.camera.org/article/hassan-nasrallah-in-his-own-words/

11. https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ds10.htm

12. https://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ds6.htm

13. http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm

14. http://www.leader.ir/en/content/8766/Leader-meets-with-Top-local-personalities-in-Kermanshah-provinc

15. http://jcpa.org/article/the-big-lie-and-the-media-war-against-israel-from-inversion-of-the-truth-to-inversion-of-reality/

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Understanding The Nakba

Notes

1. Gerhard Höpp, “Ruhmloses Zwischenspiel: Fawzi al-Qawuqji in Deutschland, 1941–1947” in Al-Rafidayn: Jahrbuch zu Geschichte und Kultur des modernen Iraq, ed. Peter Heine (Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 1995)

2. Security Council Official Records, S/Agenda/58 (April 16, 1948), p. 19       

3. JTA, “Jewish refugees bill being considered by U.S. House of Representatives,” Haaretz, August 2, 2012, at Benny Morris, Righteous Victims (2001), pp. 252–258; Yoav Gelber, Palestine 1948 (2001), pp. 74–84

4. Akhbar al-Yom, Egypt, October 11, 1947; quoted in David Barnett and Efraim Karsh, “Azzam’s Genocidal Threat,” Middle East Quarterly (Fall 2011)

5. Trygve Lie, In the Cause of Peace, (New York: Macmillan Company, 1954), p. 174

6. For one example, see the official Palestinian Authority newspaper Al-Hayat Al-Jadida of May 7, 2014, as quoted in The Times of Israel, “PA paper: Creation of Israel ‘Greatest Crime in History,’” May 16, 2014.

7. Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab–Israeli War, (New Haven, London: Yale University Press, 2009), p. 407

8. Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949 (1998), p. 286

9. Ian J. Bickerton and Carla L. Klausner, A Concise History of the Arab–Israeli Conflict (NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991), p. 101

10. “Interview with [Hazem Nusseibeh], May 1968,” Larry Collins Papers, Georgetown University Library, cited in Benny Morris, 1948: The First Arab–Israeli War, (New Haven, London: Yale University Press, 2009), p. 443

11. See clip from PBS program The 50 Years War: Israel And The Arabs, youtu.be/72Ata-hY9WQ.

12. Al Urdun, April 9, 1953

13. The Memoirs of Haled al Azm (Beirut: 1973), Part 1, pp. 386–387

14. Efraim Karsh, The Palestine War 1948 (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006), p. 127

15. Ibid. p. 409

16. Martin Gilbert, Jerusalem—Illustrated History Atlas (Vallentine Mitchell: 1994), p 93

17. Ruth Kark and Michal Oren-Nordheim, Jerusalem and its Environs: Quarters, Neighborhoods, Villages, 1800–1948 (Wayne State University Press, 2001), p. 28

18. Jewish Virtual Library, “Myths and Facts—The Refugees,” 2019, at

19. Efraim Karsh, op. cit., p. 408

20. Efraim Karsh, op. cit., p. 409

21. Matthias Küntzel, “National Socialism and Anti-Semitism in the Arab World,” Jewish Political Studies Review, 17:1–2 (Spring 2005),

22. Wolfgang G. Schwanitz, Barry Rubin, Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East (Yale University Press, 2014)

23. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, See also, Richard Breitman, Himmler and the Final Solution: The Architect of Genocide (Pimlico, 2004).

24. Raul Hilberg, citing correspondence from Amin al-Husseini to Nazi Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop, in The Destruction of the European Jews (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1979)

25. Jeffrey Herf, Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World (Yale University Press, 2010) and Küntzel, op. cit.

26. Gerald Fleming, Hitler and the Final Solution, citing notes taken at the November 28, 1941, meeting (University of California Press, 1988), pp. 101–105

27. Klaus-Michael Mallmann and Martin Cüppers, Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews of Palestine (Enigma Books in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2010)

28. Tsilla Hershco, “Le grand mufti de Jérusalem en France: Histoire d’une évasion,” Revue Controverses (March 2006)

29. Radio Berlin, March 1, 1944; quoted in Norman Stillman, “Frenchman, Jews, or Arabs? Jews of the Arab World between European Colonialism, Zionism, and Arab Nationalism” in Benjamin H. Hary, John Lewis Hayeseds, Fred Astren, Judaism and Islam: Boundaries, Communications, and Interaction: Essays in Honor of William M. Brinner (Brill (2000), pp. 123–138

30. Edwin Black, The Farhud: Roots of The Arab–Nazi Alliance in the Holocaust (New York: Dialog Press, 2010)

31. Harvey E. Goldberg, The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times (Columbia University Press, 2003), pp. 140–141

32. Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 63

33. Rami Mangoubi, “A Jewish Refugee Answers Youssef Ibrahim,” Middle East Times (October 30, 2004)

34. Andrew G. Bostom, The Legacy of Islamic Antisemitism: From Sacred Texts to Solemn History (Prometheus Books, 2008), p. 160

35. Ofer Aderet, “Jews of Aden recall the pogrom sparked by UN vote on Palestine partition plan,” Haaretz (30 November 2016)

36. Norman A. Stillman, op. cit., p. xvi

37. Itamar Levin, Locked Doors: The Seizure of Jewish Property in Arab Countries (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001), Chapters 2–3

38. Malka Hillel Shulewitz, Forgotten Millions: The Modern Jewish Exodus from Arab Lands (New York, London Continuum, 2000)

39. “Justice for Jews from Arab Countries,” Legal Reports,

40. Report of the UNREF Executive Committee, Fourth Session—Geneva (29 January to 4 February 1957)

41. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Document No. 7/2/3/Libya (6 July 1967)

42. “Where We Work—Jordan,” UNRWA, accessed April 24, 2018

43. TOI Staff, “Rivlin: Israel must ensure Arab Jerusalem neighborhoods share city’s prosperity,” Times of Israel (June 3, 2019), at
    

44. “Mission Statement,” UNHCR, accessed April 22, 2018

45. “Note on the Cessation Clauses, EC/47/SC/CRP.30,” UNHCR Standing Committee, Section II.4 (General Principles) (May 30, 1997)

46. “Procedural Standards for Refugee Status Determination under UNHCR’s Mandate,”

47. “Palestine Refugees,” UNRWA, accessed April 22, 2018

48. James G. Lindsay, “UNRWA: Still UN-Fixed,” Justice Magazine, No. 55 (Winter 2014–2015), p. 19

49. UNRWA, “Where We Work,” accessed July 16, 2019

50. UNHCR, “Figures at a Glance,” accessed July 16, 2019

51. UNRWA, “Annual Operational Report 2018,” accessed July 16, 2019

52. Lily Rothman and Liz Ronk, “This Is What Europe’s Last Major Refugee Crisis Looked Like,” Time (September 11, 2015),
    time.com/4029800/world-war-ii-refugee-photos-migrant-crisis, citing Chauncey D. Harris and Gabriele Wülker, “The Refugee Problem of Germany,” Economic Geography, Vol. 29, No. 1 (January 1953), pp. 10–25

53. Vidhi Doshi and Nisar Mehdi, “70 years later, survivors recall the horrors of India-Pakistan partition,” Washington Post (August 14, 2017),

54. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, www.pbs.gov.pk/content/population-religion, 2017

55. Indian Population Census 2011, Religion Census,

56. R.M. Douglas, Orderly and Humane: The Expulsion of the Germans after the Second World War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013), yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300198201/orderly-and-humane

57. “The Cessation Clauses: Guidelines on their Application,” UNHCR (Geneva, April 1999), p. 1

58. Hussein Ibish, “What’s Wrong with the One-State Agenda?,” www.americantaskforce.org/what%E2%80%99s_wrong_onestate_agenda_html, 2009